Clinical profile of vitiligo patients and relationship with immuno-inflammatory markers.

BACKGROUND: Vitiligo is the most common pigmentary disorder and is considered a chronic, cumulative, multifactorial disease. The crucial role of cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes and the IFNγ/CXCL10 axis has been demonstrated in its pathogenesis. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical profile and immuno-inflammatory markers in patients with vitiligo in a reference medical center. METHODS: Cross-sectional study in which all patients with vitiligo seen at the medical center the from 2019 to 2022 were evaluated, to outline the clinical profile. Moreover, cardiovascular risk biomarkers (neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and C-reactive protein levels) were measured, as well as cytokines and chemokines (TNFα, IFNγ, IL10, IL15 and CXCL10) in the serum of a subgroup of 30 patients. RESULTS: There was a predominance of females, with a mean age of 43 years. Most were phototypes IV or V (71.3%), without comorbidities (77.55%), and without a family history of vitiligo (70.41%). Higher levels of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, C-reactive protein, and inflammatory cytokines/chemokines were documented in vitiligo patients when compared to the control group (non-significant). As relevant data, the highest values of CXCL10 were detected in patients with vitiligo versus controls, as well as in patients with disease of shorter duration (p<0.05). STUDY LIMITATIONS: The number of assessed patients was small due to recruitment difficulties caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSION: The present data contribute to confirming the relevant role of the IFNγ/CXCL10 axis in the pathogenesis of vitiligo, highlighting CXCL10 as a possible activity marker.

Isospora juruviarae n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from chivi vireos Vireo chivi (Vieillot, 1817) (Passeriformes: Vireonidae) in South America.

Chivi vireos Vireo chivi (Vieillot, 1817) are passerine birds widely distributed throughout Brazil, but mainly observed in the Atlantic Forest of the South and Southeast regions of the country. In this context, the current study identifies a new species of Isospora Schneider, 1881 from V. chivi captured in the Marambaia Island, on the coast of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Southeastern Brazil. The oocysts of Isospora juruviarae Andrade & Berto n. sp. are subspheroidal to ovoidal, measuring on average 26 by 24 µm. Micropyle is absent or inconspicuous. Oocyst residuum absent, but polar granules are present. Sporocysts are ellipsoidal with pointed posterior end, measuring on average 17 by × 11 µm. Stieda and Sub-Stieda bodies are present. Sporocyst residuum is present among the vermiform sporozoites, which have refractile bodies and nucleus. This morphology was different from the other Isospora spp. recorded in the same family, superfamily and parvorder as the host. Molecular identification was targeted by the amplification and sequencing of two different loci of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene and one locus of the 18S small subunit ribosomal RNA (18S) gene. Phylogenetic analyses were not very efficient in forming monophyletic groups associated with host taxon, zoogeographical region or taxonomic character; however, they confirmed the identification as a new species through comparison with sequences from Isospora spp. of wild passerines. Finally, based on the morphological and molecular analyses of the oocysts recovered from the chivi vireo V. chivi in the current work, I. juruviarae is considered new to science, being the second species recorded in the host family Vireonidae and the first to have a supplementation by molecular identification.

Distinct Hemodynamic Responses That Culminate With Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome.

It is of paramount importance to characterize the individual hemodynamic response of patients with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) to select the best therapeutic intervention. Our aim in this study was to describe the hemodynamic changes in 40 patients with POTS during the head-up tilt test and compare them with 48 healthy patients. Hemodynamic parameters were obtained by cardiac bioimpedance. Patients were compared in supine position and after 5, 10, 15, and 20 minutes of orthostatic position. Patients with POTS demonstrated higher heart rate (74 beats per minute [64 to 80] vs 67 [62 to 72], p <0.001) and lower stroke volume (SV) (83.0 ml [72 to 94] vs 90 [79 to 112], p <0.001) at supine position. The response to orthostatic challenge was characterized by a decrease in SV index (SVI) in both groups (ΔSVI in ml/m2: -16 [-25 to -7.] vs -11 [-17 to -6.1], p = NS). Peripheral vascular resistance (PVR) was reduced only in POTS (ΔPVR in dyne.seg/cm5:-52 [-279 to 163] vs 326 [58 to 535], p <0.001). According to the best cut-off points obtained using the receiver operating characteristic analysis for the variation of SVI (-15.5%) and PVR index (PVRI) (-5.5%), we observed 4 distinct groups of POTS: 10% presented an increase in both SVI and PVRI after the orthostatic challenge, 35% presented a PVRI decrease with SVI maintenance or increase, 37.5% presented an SVI decrease with PVRI maintenance or elevation, and 17.5% presented a reduction in both variables. Body mass index, ΔSVI, and ΔPVRI were strongly correlated with POTS (area under the curve = 0.86 [95% confidence interval 0.77 to 0.92], p <0.0001). In conclusion, the use of appropriate cut-off points for hemodynamic parameters using bioimpedance cardiography during the head-up tilt test could be a useful strategy to identify the main mechanism involved and to select the best individual therapeutic strategy in POTS.

Spinal cord stimulation as a treatment option for complex regional pain syndrome: a narrative review.

Objectives: This review aims to analyze the last years' experience of applying spinal cord stimulation (SCS) in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) patients with persistent or refractory chronic pain. Methods: This is a narrative review which was executed based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines and was carried out through the following databases: PUBMED and Cochrane Library. Also, a search for trials in the metaRegister of controlled trials (www.clinicaltrials.gov) was performed. Results: SCS provides pain reduction and improves sensory, vasomotor and sudomotor symptoms. It can reduce opioid using, offering better life quality for the patients. Conclusions: SCS found to be an excellent therapeutic alternative for patients with CRPS. It offers immediate pain relief and allows patients to regain functionality and have a better quality of life.

Worldwide Dispersion of Coccidia from Migratory Birds: First Report of Eimeria bazi Chauhan et Bhatia, 1970 (Eimeriidae) Outside Asia from Buff-Necked Ibises Theristicus caudatus (Boddaert, 1783) (Threskiornithidae) in South America.

BACKGROUND: Eimeria spp. are coccidian protozoan parasites of domestic and wild animals. Pelecaniform birds are hosts of some Eimeria spp., however, from the family Threskiornithidae only one eimerian species is recorded, Eimeria bazi Chauhan et Bhatia, 1970 which was described from red-naped ibises Pseudibis papillosa (Temminck, 1824) in India. In this study, in turn, this species is morphologically and molecularly identified from buff-necked ibises Theristicus caudatus (Boddaert, 1783) in Brazil. PURPOSE: This study aimed to report E. bazi from buff-necked ibises T. caudatus in southeastern Brazil, revealing the worldwide distribution of this coccidian species, in addition to providing preliminary genotypic identification via sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene. METHODS: A total of 73 fecal samples were collected from a flock of buff-necked ibises, which remained on the campus of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro-UFRRJ) from March 2019 to August 2020. Fecal samples were processed by the Sheather's method to recover oocysts. The morphological and morphometrical studies of the oocysts were performed using an optical microscope and graphic editing software. Molecular analysis was performed by sequencing of the COI gene, and the phylogenetic analysis was based in the neighbor-joining and maximum likelihood estimates. RESULTS: Forty-five fecal samples were positive for oocysts identified as E. bazi. This oocysts are ovoidal, 26.2 × 18.9 µm, with smooth to slightly rough wall, c.1.7 µm thick. Micropyle robust and protruding, sometimes with a polar body attached. Oocyst residuum absent, but one or two small polar granules are present. Sporocysts ovoidal to lemon-shaped, 14.2 × 8.7 µm. The Stieda body is knob-like to rounded and sub-Stieda body is absent or vestigial. Sporocyst residuum is composed of granules often membrane-bound. Sporozoites are vermiform, with refractile bodies. This morphology was consistent with the original description of E. bazi from P. papillosa in India. Molecular analysis at the COI gene exhibited low similarity with coccidians sequenced for the same genic region deposited in GenBank, sitting E. bazi separately on the cladogram. CONCLUSIONS: The morphological and molecular studies support the identification of E. bazi from T. caudatus in South America, thus revealing the wide distribution of this eimerian species in the world provided by migratory birds and/or with intercontinental distribution.

Isospora leptopogoni n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from the sepia-capped flycatcher Leptopogon amaurocephalus Tschudi, 1846 (Passeriformes: Rhynchocyclidae) in South America.

Coccidian protozoan species recorded from flycatchers are few, but they have been described with a certain frequency in recent years. In this context, the present study describes a new Isospora sp. from sepia-capped flycatchers Leptopogon amaurocephalus Tschudi, 1846 captured in the Itatiaia National Park and in a reforestation area which is about 60 km away from the park boundaries, in addition to providing a molecular identification via sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene. Isospora leptopogoni n. sp. has oöcysts that are subspheroidal to ovoidal, measuring on average 22.0 × 19.7 µm, with a smooth, bi-layered wall, c.1.7 µm thick. The micropyle is delicate or inconspicuous. Oöcyst residuum is absent, but one to three polar granules are present. Sporocysts are lemon-shaped, measuring on average 14.7 × 9.3 µm, with a knob-like Stieda body and a rectangular to rounded sub-Stieda body. Sporocyst residuum is present, consisting of compactly bounded granules. Sporozoites are vermiform, with refractile bodies and nucleus. Isospora leptopogoni is different from other Isospora spp. mainly due to its lemon-shaped sporocysts, the presence of micropyle and details of Stieda and sub-Stieda bodies. Phylogenetic analysis placed I. leptopogoni close to other Isospora spp. recorded from phylogenetically related hosts and from the same biogeographic region. Finally, the recurrent finding of this coccidian species in the same L. amaurocephalus specimen in a specific locality in the Itatiaia National Park suggests that the dispersion of I. leptopogoni needs continuous transmissions between susceptible passerines as the area of movement of each L. amaurocephalus specimen appears to be quite small.

Observations on an Eimeria sp. (Apicomplexa) from the green kingfisher Chloroceryle americana (Gmelin, 1788) (Coraciiformes) in Southeastern Brazil: an example of how the ecological aspects of the host can be essential for the identification of its coccidians.

Parasitism in kingfishers is very little reported and predominantly related to hemoparasites, helminths, and ectoparasites. The present study provided a morphological and genotypic study of an Eimeria sp. recovered from a green kingfisher Chloroceryle americana (Gmelin, 1788) captured in the Marambaia Island, on the coast of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Southeastern Brazil. The coccidial density, some morphological aspects of its oocysts, the molecular results, and, mainly, the ecological niche of C. americana in the mangrove of the Marambaia Island suggest that this coccidian species is a pseudoparasite.

Isospora spp. (Eimeriidae) from green-winged saltators Saltator similis d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837 (Thraupidae) from captivity near the Conservation Unit of the Itatiaia National Park in Southeastern Brazil.

The present study identifies three Isospora spp. recorded from faecal samples of green-winged saltators Saltator similis d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye kept in captivity in the surroundings of the Itatiaia National Park, which is a Conservation Unit with a high degree of vulnerability located in the Serra da Mantiqueira on the border of the States of Rio de Janeiro and Minas Gerais. Isospora saltatori Berto, Balthazar, Flausino & Lopes, 2008, Isospora trincaferri Berto, Balthazar, Flausino & Lopes, 2008 and Isospora similisi Coelho, Berto, Neves, Oliveira, Flausino & Lopes, 2013 were compatible in all characteristic features with their respective original descriptions, despite some divergences that are discussed in this study. In addition to the preliminary morphological identification, this study provided a preliminary genotypic identification of these three Isospora spp. via sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene, which was suitable for the genotypic differentiation of these three coccidians, but was inconclusive in the phylogenetic analysis. Finally, this study discusses the environmental risks of these coccidians in captivity of green-winged saltators in the surroundings of the Itatiaia National Park.

Oral tolerance as antigen-specific immunotherapy.

Oral tolerance is a physiological phenomenon described more than a century ago as a suppressive immune response to antigens that gain access to the body by the oral route. It is a robust and long-lasting event with local and systemic effects in which the generation of mucosally induced regulatory T cells (iTreg) plays an essential role. The idea of using oral tolerance to inhibit autoimmune and allergic diseases by oral administration of target antigens was an important development that was successfully tested in 1980s. Since then, several studies have shown that feeding specific antigens can be used to prevent and control chronic inflammatory diseases in both animal models and clinically. Therefore, oral tolerance can be classified as an antigen-specific form of oral immunotherapy (OIT). In the light of novel findings on mechanisms, sites of induction and factors affecting oral tolerance, this review will focus on specific characteristics of oral tolerance induction and how they impact in its therapeutic application.

Morphological and molecular identification of Isospora massardi Lopes, Berto, Luz, Galvão, Ferreira & Lopes, 2014 (Chromista: Miozoa: Eimeriidae) from thrushes Turdus spp. (Passeriformes: Turdidae) in South America.

In the current work, Isospora massardi Lopes, Berto, Luz, Galvão, Ferreira & Lopes, [10] is identified from white-necked thrushes Turdus albicollis Vieillot, 1818, rufous-bellied thrushes Turdus rufiventris Vieillot, 1818 and from a new host, the yellow-legged thrush Turdus flavipes (Vieillot, 1818) in a new locality, the Itatiaia National Park, in Southeastern Brazil, providing a preliminary genotypic characterization via sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) and 18S small subunit ribosomal RNA genes. The oocysts and sporocysts of I. massardi of the current study are morphologically similar to the original description and are uniform in the proportionality of width on length, but exhibited different patterns of size associated with each host species. Furthermore, a genotypic difference of 3% was found in the COI sequences from T. flavipes and T. albicollis. Therefore, an ecological discussion is introduced aimed at associating these morphometric and genotypic differences with an ongoing speciation process.

Aparência, vestuário e modo de vestir: pistas para a investigação da velhice / Appearance, clothing, and dressing: clues to investigate the old age / Apariencia, vestuario y modo de vestir: pistas para investigar la vejez

O vestuário pode ser entendido como uma forma de comunicação e constituição da identidade de gênero ao longo do envelhecimento. A pesquisa buscou caracterizar a relação que as mulheres estabelecem com o vestuário na velhice. Utilização do método etnográfico na familiarização com campo e posterior aplicação de questionário misto. As participantes foram idosas frequentadoras da oficina de teatro da UATI EACH/USP, Brasil. O vestuário foi visto como importante para a composição da aparência na velhice. Constataram-se mudanças nas escolhas de vestuário, decorrentes, especialmente, da percepção de transformações corporais ocorridas ao longo do envelhecimento. A criação de novas estratégias no modo de se vestir nesse período da vida esteve ancorada na tensão entre negação da velhice e adequação etária. Os dados apontaram forte desejo de consumo, principalmente por peças que atendessem a demandas ergonômicas e estéticas, trazendo conforto. Salienta-se a relevância da aparência, sobretudo o vestuário, para a compreensão de aspectos socioculturais da velhice feminina.

Clothing can be understood as a way to communicate and constitute a gender identity throughout the aging. This research aimed to characterize the relationship between women and clothing in old age. It was used an ethnographic method in the familiarization with the field and, subsequently, a mixed questionnaire. The participants were elderly women attending the theater workshop of the University for Seniors, from the School of Arts, Sciences, and Humanities from the University of São Paulo, Brazil. Clothing was seen as important for the composition of personal appearance in female old age. It was observed changes in the choices of clothing due to aging, especially the body aging. New strategies for dressing in old age were based on the tension between the denial of old age and the age adequacy. Data indicated a strong desire for consumption, especially for garments that meet ergonomic and aesthetic demands that bring comfort. It is emphasized the relevance of appearance, especially clothing, in the understanding of sociocultural aspects of female old age.

El vestuario es una manera de comunicarse y de constituir la identidad de género a lo largo del envejecimiento. En este artículo se presenta un estudio acerca de la relación que mujeres mayores establecen con su ropa. Se utilizó el método etnográfico en la familiarización con el campo y en la aplicación de un cuestionario mixto. Las participantes eran mujeres mayores que participaban de un taller de teatro de la Universidad para Mayores (UATI), de la Escuela de Artes, Ciencias y Humanidades de la Universidad de São Paulo, Brasil. El vestuario fue considerado importante para la composición de sus apariencias en la vejez. Fueron observados cambios en las prendas elegidas a lo largo de la vida, especialmente en razón del envejecimiento de sus cuerpos. Sus estrategias para vestirse en la vejez estaban relacionadas a una tensión entre la negación de la ancianidad y la adecuación de edad. Los datos apuntaron que a las mujeres investigadas les gustaba comprar ropa y lo hacían principalmente cuando encontraban prendas cómodas y adecuadas no solo a sus cuerpos sino también a su gusto personal. Finalmente, se señala la relevancia de la apariencia para la comprensión de aspectos socioculturales de la vejez femenina.

Relato de experiência de extensão: com que roupa eu vou? / Extension experience report: what clothes should I go with? / Informe de una experiencia de extensión: ¿con qué ropa me voy?

O artigo apresenta a experiência pedagógica e gerontológica de uma oficinapiloto de extensão universitária, criada e desenvolvida pelo grupo EAPS/USP. O objetivo central da oficina foi explorar a construção da aparência e seus significados ao longo do processo de envelhecimento das nove participantes idosas, sob a monitoria individualizada de alunos de graduação, pós-graduação e profissionais convidados. A experiência apontou o potencial da variável aparência no âmbito da gestão gerontológica, capaz de sensibilizar e promover reflexões a respeito da diversidade do envelhecimento e o debate de mitos e estereótipos da velhice.

The article presents the pedagogical and gerontological experience of a university extension pilot workshop, created and developed by the EAPS/USP group, Brazil. The main objective was to explore the construction of appearance and its meanings along the aging process of the nine elderly participants, under the individualized monitoring of undergraduate and postgraduate students and invited professionals. The experience showed the potential of the appearance variable in gerontological management, being capable of sensitizing and promoting reflections about the diversity of aging and the debate of myths and stereotypes of old age.

El artículo presenta la experiencia pedagógica y gerontológica de un taller piloto de extensión universitaria, creado y desarrollado por el grupo EAPS/USP, Brasil. El objetivo principal fue explorar la construcción de la apariencia y sus significados a lo largo del proceso de envejecimiento de los nueve mayores participantes, bajo el asesoramiento individual de estudiantes de grado y posgrado y profesionales invitados. La experiencia señaló el potencial de la variable apariencia en la gestión gerontológica, de manera a ser capaz de sensibilizar y promover reflexiones acerca de la diversidad del envejecimiento y el debate sobre mitos y estereotipos de la vejez.

Effectiveness of lidocaine patches for pain treatment after total knee arthroplasty / Eficácia do tratamento adjuvante da dor pós-artroplastia total do joelho utilizando emplastros com lidocaína

BACKGROUND: Effective analgesic therapy in the postoperative period of total knee arthroplasty is essential for good surgical outcomes. The current trend is to use multimodal treatment, in which the use of patches with lidocaine as adjuvant therapy has an increasingly relevant role. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the potential benefits of lidocaine patch association with the basic analgesia regimen for pain relief during the postoperative period of total knee arthroplasty. METHOD: A retrospective cohort study was performed , with a total of 24 patients in each group, who underwent total knee arthroplasty. Pain levels using a visual analogue scale and opioid intake were controlled from the immediate postoperative to the end of a 28-day interval. RESULTS: During the postoperative period, pain was less intense in patients who used lidocaine patches. In these same patients, the doses of opioids needed to control pain were lower in 15 of the 28 days analyzed. The relative frequency of nausea was higher in the group that did not use adjuvant therapy. Patients older than 70 years and females predominated. CONCLUSION: Adjuvant treatment after total knee arthroplasty using lidocaine patches was effective in reducing pain and decreasing the use of opioids in the period analyzed, and represents a good addition to multimodal analgesic therapy.

OBJETIVO: A terapia analgésica eficaz no pós-operatório de artroplastia total do joelho é imprescindível para bons resultados cirúrgicos. A tendência atual é a de se utilizar o tratamento multimodal, no qual a utilização de emplastros com lidocaína como terapia adjuvante tem papel crescente e relevante. Investigar os potenciais benefícios da associação do emplastro com lidocaína ao esquema terapêutico básico de analgesia para o alívio da dor durante o período pós-operatório de artroplastia total de joelho. MÉTODO: Foi realizado um estudo de coorte retrospectivo cuja população foi a de pacientes submetidos a artroplastia total do joelho, divididos em dois grupos com 24 integrantes em cada, acompanhados por um período de 28 dias. RESULTADOS: Durante o pós-operatório analisado a dor foi menos intensa nos pacientes que utilizaram os emplastros com lidocaína. Nesses mesmos pacientes, as doses de opióides necessárias para controlar a dor foram menores em 15 dos 28 dias analisados. A frequência relativa de náuseas foi maior no grupo que não utilizou a terapia adjuvante. Predominaram os pacientes com mais de 70 anos e o gênero feminino. CONCLUSÃO: O tratamento adjuvante após a artroplastia total do joelho utilizando emplastros com lidocaína mostrou ser eficaz na redução da dor e diminuição do uso de opióides no período analisado, constituindo um bom incremento para a terapia analgésica multimodal.

Adequabilidade do percurso de instrumentais odontológicos na central de material e esterilização / Path adequacy of dental equipment at material storage center

Objetivo: analisar a adequabilidade do percurso de instrumentais odontológicos na central de material e esterilização. Método: estudo quantitativo, descritivo, observacional, realizado em 10 unidades odontológicas com central de material e esterilização. Foi utilizado um questionário para a coleta de dados, analisados pela epidemiologia descritiva simples a partir de tabelas. Resultados: predominaram unidades odontológicas que não apresentam espaço físico adequado para processamento de materiais; não apresentam porta de entrada específica para materiais contaminados; nenhuma faz inspeção visual com auxílio de lupa na limpeza; e a embalagem dos instrumentais esterilizados foi adequada. Quanto aos testes para confirmações de esterilização, houve prevalência do teste químico mensal. Conclusão: as unidades não atendem às exigências mínimas da vigilância sanitária para qualidade no processamento de instrumentais odontológicos.

Isospora albicollis (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) in thrushes Turdus spp. (Passeriformes: Turdidae), in southeastern Brazil / Isospora albicollis (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) em sabiás Turdus spp. (Passeriformes: Turdidae), no sudeste Brasileiro

Abstract The aim of the present study was to report and describe Isospora albicollis Lainson and Shaw, 1989 parasitizing a white-necked thrush Turdus albicollis Vieillot, 1818 and a pale-breasted thrush Turdus leucomelas Vieillot, 1818 in two different localities: the Itatiaia National Park and Cacaria, in southeastern Brazil. The oocysts identified were ovoidal, 24.4 × 19.7 μm, with a smooth, bilayered wall, around 1.4 μm thick. Oocyst residuum was absent, but a micropyle and a polar granule were present. The sporocysts were ellipsoidal, 15.4 × 10.1 μm. The Stieda body was knob-like to rounded and the sub-Stieda body was prominent and wide. Sporocyst residuum was present, usually as a cluster of granules that appear to be membrane-bounded. The sporozoites were vermiform with one posterior refractile body and a centrally located nucleus. Besides recording the new host T. leucomelas, the identification of I. albicollis in the Itatiaia National Park and Cacaria, in southeastern Brazil, provide records of new localities for its parasitism, and reveals the wide distribution and dispersion of this coccidium in Brazil.

Resumo O objetivo do presente estudo foi relatar e descrever Isospora albicollis Lainson e Shaw, 1989, parasitando um sabiá-coleira Turdus albicollis Vieillot, 1818 e um sabiá-barranco Turdus leucomelas Vieillot 1818, em duas localidades diferentes: Parque Nacional do Itatiaia e Cacaria, no Sudeste do Brasil. Os oocistos identificados foram ovóides, 24,4 × 19,7 μm, com uma parede lisa e dupla, com cerca de 1,4 μm de espessura. Resíduo do oocisto foi ausente, mas uma micrópila e um grânulo polar foram presentes. Esporocistos elipsoidais, 15,4 × 10,1 μm, corpo de Stieda em forma de botão a arredondado e corpo de sub-Stieda proeminente e largo. Resíduo do esporocisto presente, usualmente como um aglomerado de grânulos que parecem estar envolvidos por uma membrana. Esporozoítos vermiformes com um corpo refráctil posterior e um núcleo centralizado. Além de registrar o novo hospedeiro T. leucomelas, a identificação de I. albicollis no Parque Nacional de Itatiaia e Cacaria, no Sudeste do Brasil, fornece registros de novas localidades para seu parasitismo e revela a ampla distribuição e dispersão desse coccídio no Brasil.

Isospora albicollis (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) in thrushes Turdus spp. (Passeriformes: Turdidae), in southeastern Brazil.

The aim of the present study was to report and describe Isospora albicollis Lainson and Shaw, 1989 parasitizing a white-necked thrush Turdus albicollis Vieillot, 1818 and a pale-breasted thrush Turdus leucomelas Vieillot, 1818 in two different localities: the Itatiaia National Park and Cacaria, in southeastern Brazil. The oocysts identified were ovoidal, 24.4 × 19.7 µm, with a smooth, bilayered wall, around 1.4 µm thick. Oocyst residuum was absent, but a micropyle and a polar granule were present. The sporocysts were ellipsoidal, 15.4 × 10.1 µm. The Stieda body was knob-like to rounded and the sub-Stieda body was prominent and wide. Sporocyst residuum was present, usually as a cluster of granules that appear to be membrane-bounded. The sporozoites were vermiform with one posterior refractile body and a centrally located nucleus. Besides recording the new host T. leucomelas, the identification of I. albicollis in the Itatiaia National Park and Cacaria, in southeastern Brazil, provide records of new localities for its parasitism, and reveals the wide distribution and dispersion of this coccidium in Brazil.

Treinamento aeróbio em intensidade leve à moderada altera positivamente o perfil metabólico e substratos teciduais em ratos alimentados com dieta hiperlipídica / Light to moderate intensity aerobic training positively change the metabolic profile and tissue substrates in rats fed with high fat diet

O presente estudo verificou os efeitos do treinamento aeróbio em intensidade leve à moderada sobre o perfil metabólico e substratos teciduais de ratos alimentados com dieta hiperlipídica. Dezenove ratos Wistar machos foram alimentados com dieta chocolate durante 2 meses após o desmame e separados em 2 grupos: Exercício Chocolate (EC) (n=9) e Sedentário Chocolate (SC) (n=10). O treinamento consistiu de natação (8 semanas, 5 dias/semana, 1h/dia, sobrecarga equivalente a 2% do peso corporal). Ao final do experimento, os ratos foram eutanasiados para a determinação das concentrações séricas de glicose, AGL, triglicerídeos, colesterol total, HDL e LDL; nos tecidos muscular e hepático foram mensurados os conteúdos de glicogênio e triglicerídeos. O treinamento reduziu os triglicerídeos séricos e hepáticos bem como o ganho de peso corporal; ainda, aumentou o conteúdo de triglicerídeos musculares. Concluímos que o treinamento aeróbio em intensidade leve à moderada alterou positivamente o perfil metabólico e os substratos teciduais dos ratos alimentados com dieta hiperlipídica.

The present study verified the effects of aerobic training of moderate intensity on metabolic profile and tissue substrates of rats fed high fat diet. Nineteen male Wistar rats were fed chocolate diet during 2 months after weaning and separated into two groups: Exercise Chocolate (EC) (n=9) and Sedentary Chocolate (SC) (n=10). Exercise training consisted of swimming (8 weeks, 5days/week, 1hour/day, overload equivalent to 2% of body weight). At the end of the experiment, the animals were euthanized in order to determine the serum glucose, FFA, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL, and LDL; triglycerides and glycogen contents were measured in muscle and hepatic tissues. Training decreased triglycerides in serum and liver as well as the body weight gain; in addition, increased muscle triglycerides content. We concluded that light to moderate intensity aerobic training change positively the metabolic profile and tissue substrates in rats fed high-fat diet.

Educação em saúde como prática de enfermeiros na estratégia saúde da família / Health education as practice of nurses in family health strategy

Estudo descritivo- exploratório, qualitativo, que objetivou identificar os saberes e práticas de educação em saúde de enfermeiros da Estratégia de Saúde da Família, entre novembro e dezembro de 2009. As entrevistas, realizadas com quinze enfermeiros em Crato, Ceará, Brasil, foram submetidas à análise de conteúdo. Identificaram-se quatro categorias: Concepção sobre educação em saúde; Planejamento das ações; Trabalho em parcerias; Limites e potencialidade na execução das ações educativas. As concepções de educação em saúde ainda refletem uma visão conservadora, mas a prática se mostrou positiva, pois prioriza diversos temas, utilizando recursos e espaços locais e envolvendo outros setores. As dificuldades foram relacionadas ao excesso de atribuições, a interação com determinados grupos e a descontinuidade das ações. Há necessidade de melhor articulação e organização do serviço de saúde na busca de parcerias com ênfase para interdisciplinaridade e intersetorialidade dirigidas a atividades de promoção da saúde.

The impact of training for day-care educators on childhood anaemia in nurseries: an institutional randomised clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: To test the impact of training for educators on the health of children enrolled in public and philanthropic day-care nurseries. DESIGN: A randomised, institutional, non-blind clinical trial was conducted. An educational intervention was performed in four day-care centres and the control group consisted of four other day-care centres. Interviews with the mothers, collection of blood from the children by digital puncture and anthropometry were performed. The chosen indicator for the improvement of health was anaemia (Hb <11 g/dl). An unconditional logistic regression model was set for the risk factors for anaemia, considering associations with P ≤ 0·05 as statistically significant. SETTING: Eight day-care centres in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil. SUBJECTS: Two hundred and fifty-two children from day-care nurseries. RESULTS: The children from the day-care centres that were not subject to intervention presented a 2·11 times greater risk (95% CI 1·04, 4·30; P = 0·40) of having anaemia at the end of the study independent of the control variables (sex, age, time in the day-care centre, anaemia at the beginning of the study, maternal age, use of oral iron supplements, number of siblings, per capita family income, use of antibiotics and the necessity of avoidable hospitalisations) used in the construction of the final logistical model. CONCLUSIONS: The assessed educational intervention promoted significant changes in the health status of the children, reinforcing the importance of training for professionals who care for young children in day-care centres in developing countries in order to promote child health.

Factores que determinan la lactancia materna en niños matriculados en Jardines Infantiles públicas y filantrópicas en São Paulo, Brasil / Factors determining the breastfeeding in children attending public and not-for-profit daycare centers in São Paulo, Brazil

Estudio transversal con 270 niños y sus madres, matriculados en ocho jardines infantiles públicas y filantrópicas de la ciudad de São Paulo, Brasil. Cuyo objetivo fue Identificar los factores que determinan la lactancia materna exclusiva (LME) y lactancia materna (LM). Para el análisis estadístico fueron utilizados: Prueba de Mann-Whitney/Wilcoxon (Kruskal-Wallis) y técnicas de análisis de supervivencia (Kaplan Meier y regresión múltiple de Cox). Donde la media de LME fue de 79,1 ± 55,6 días, y de LM de 185,3 ± 174,2 días. El análisis multivariado determino los siguientes factores de riesgo asociados al abandono precoz de la LME: el uso de chupete (HR = 1,65; IC 95 % = 1,24 - 2,2), internación previa (HR = 1,35; IC 95 % = 1,01 - 1,80) y madre que trabaja fuera del hogar (HR = 1,33; IC 95% = 1,00 - 1,76). Para la LM: uso de chupete (HR = 2,54; IC 95 % = 1,87 - 3,45) y madre que trabaja fuera del hogar (HR = 1,51; IC 95 % = 1,14 - 1,99). Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que es necesario continuar con el incentivo y apoyo a la lactancia materna. Los jardines infantiles pueden y deben aliarse a esa idea ya que pueden colaborar de forma directa con algunos de los factores determinantes de la LM, además de que son lugares apropiados para dar mensajes de educación nutricional y orientaciones para madres y cuidadores por estar en contacto con niños menores de tres años.

Cross-sectional study with 270 children and their mothers in eight public and philanthropic daycare centers in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. The objective is to identify the determinants of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) and breastfeeding (BF). The Mann-Whitney/Wilcoxon test and survival analysis; Kaplan Meier curves and Cox multiple regression models were used for statistical analyses. The median of exclusive breastfeeding duration was 79.1 ± 55.6 days and breastfeeding was185.3 ± 174.2 days. In multivariate analysis, the following risk factors of early weaning for exclusive breastfeeding were identified: pacifier use (HR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.24 to 2.2); previous hospital admission (HR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.01 to 1.80); mother working outside home (HR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.00 to 1.76). For breastfeeding were identified: pacifier use (HR = 2.54, 95% CI = 1.87 to 3.45) and mother who works outside the home (HR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.14 - 1 99). The results show that it is necessary to continue to promote and support breastfeeding, mainly the exclusive breastfeeding until six months of age. The daycare centers should incorporate this idea, once they may have direct control over some of the early weaning determinants, and are also good places to deliver messages and guidance on nutrition education to mothers and caregivers in contact with children under three years old.